Zenobia was Empress of the Palmyrene Empire from 267 to 272 AD, assuming the regency of her son, Wahballat. She focused her policy on regaining trade across the Red Sea and expanding her Syrian territories, reaching Anatolia in the north and Egypt in the south. She clashed with the Roman Emperor Aurelian for not recognising Rome's authority over Palmyra. Finally, she fell trying to cross the Euphrates. Her mythical end came here: some versions state that she was captured by Aurelian and driven to Rome, where she had to parade loaded with golden chains in the triumph celebrated by Aurelian.

1- Draw a triumphal arch in your notebook.

2- Answer the following questions:

a. For what purpose were triumphal archs built in Rome?

b. Is it civil or religious architecture?

c. How are the triumphal archs in Rome called?

d. Have you found these buildings anywhere else? Where?