Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia, a 17th-century Venetian philosopher and mathematician, was the first woman to obtain a PhD. At this time, Italian society was passionate about debates on philosophy and mathematics, considered inseparable branches of knowledge. Mathematical logic problems are a clear example.

We propose to you the following mathematical logic problem:

We find ourselves on the other side of the door of a hermetically sealed room. Next to the door there are three switches: two of them are inoperative, while the third one turns on the only light in the room. We must find out which switch works by opening the door only once, bearing in mind that, once opened, we cannot touch the switches.