Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) is mostly known because of her work as a nurse during the Crimean War and her contribution to the reform in sanitary conditions at military hospitals. She is considered the mother of modern nursing and the creator of the first conceptual model of nursing. From a very young age she stood out in mathematics, and, later on, she applied her knowledge on statistics to epidemiology and to health statistics. She was the first woman to be admitted at the British Royal Statistical Society, and she was an honorary member of the American Statistical Association.

Picture of a polar area diagram devised by Florence Nightingale.

We propose the following statistics problem:

The table below shows the number of subjects that a group of students has failed:

Please aswer the following questions: 

a)    How many students are there in the group?

a)    What is the maximum number of subjects failed? And the minimum?

b)    Calculate the relative frequencies and the percentages of each datum.

c)    Draw the corresponding bar chart.