1- Pythagorean female philosophers. Although ancient philosophy history has been presented as an environment dominated by men, almost all philosophical schools accepted women. The first known female philosophers were linked to the Pythagorean school. Members of the Pythagorean school of Crotone, to which Theano belonged, lived in community, so women were completely integrated and participated in the activities.
- Search on the internet and find the names of seven female philosophers.
2- Theano of Crotone. Undoubtedly, the most known Pythagorean woman is Theano. She was philosopher, mathematician, and teacher in the school. However, her contributions have been overshadowed. Firstly, in Antiquity, it was a common practice for the contributions of all the members, including Theano, to be signed with the name of the leader of the school. On the other hand, she suffered the so-called Matilda effect.
a- Find what this effect is and give examples of other historical periods.
b- Look up information about Theano on the internet and say what were her contributions.
3- The end of the Pythagorean school. The Pythagorean school was destroyed during a revolt of Crotone citizens against their group, which took over control of the city. Pythagoras himself was expelled from the city, but it is said that he did not survive and died in 507 BC. Most of the members of the Pythagorean community fled the city and spread around of Greece. Look up information about this episode and find:
a- The role played in the preservation of the school's legacy by Theano and her daughters.
b- The case of philosopher Tymicha of Sparta.