Inherited words and learned words in Hildegard's Latin
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Tema: The vocabulary of science
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Competencia en Comunicación Lingüística
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España > Latín > 4º ESO > Latín y plurilingüismo
Enunciado
This text is part of one of Abbess Hildegard of Bingen's books. She was a very wise woman who, in addition to writing on religious subjects, also wrote books of a scientific nature, such as the Liber simplicis medicinae sive Physica (1151-1158). In it, she talks about the healing qualities of everything that surrounds us in nature. Some of her advice may seem naive and unscientific, but it must be placed in the context of this time, the 12th century, when such treatises were the 'science' of the day. There is other advice that is still being passed on today in phytotherapy (herbal therapy), even if it cannot replace today's advanced pharmacology.
Read this excerpt from the Liber tertius, De arboribus, and complete the following activities:
De Palma.[1] Palma calida est et humida. [2] Homo autem qui pleurisim habet, de cortice, et de ligno, et de foliis eiusdem arboribus contundat, et succum exprimat, et in calido vino saepe bibat et curabitur. [3] Sed et fructum eiusdem arboribus saepe comedat, et pleurisim in ipso compescit.
https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost12/Hildegard/hil_phy3.html#061
1- With the help of the given vocabulary, translate the text.
Autem: as regards
Pleuresis,-is (Greek, pleura: ribs): pleurisy or pleuritis, inflammation of the pleura, the membrane covering the lungs.
Habere: to have.
Lignum,-i (n.): wood.
Eiusdem arboribus: from the same tree (grammatically incorrect form, perhaps on purpose to simulate ignorance).
Contundere: to crush.
Saepe: often.
Curabitur (future passive of curare): will be cured, will cure itself.
Sed: but.
In ipso: with this.
Compescere: to repress, to stop.
2- Determine, according to their evolution in Spanish, the patrimonial and cultisms:
calida > cálida (warm)
pleurisim > pleuresía (pleurisy)
ligno > leña (firewood)
cortice > corteza (tree bark)
folia > hoja (leaf)
succum > jugo (juice)
vino > vino (wine)
fructum > futo (fruit)
3) You can continue to work on inherited/learned words:
http://www.materialesdelengua.org/WEB/hotpotatoes/origen_lexico/palabraculta_index_quiz.htm
4) Analyse the phonetic changes in the inherited words.
5) Words that have evolved into inherited ones can be found as learned in other derivative words, e.g. "lignario": of wood. Think of one containing the root of succus, cortex, folia and fructum.
6) Sometimes, the Latin word was introduced very early into Castilian, evolved semantically and phonetically, and later that same Latin voice was reintroduced into the language with its original form and meaning, giving rise to a doublet: a Latin etymo that has given rise to an inherited word and a learned word.
From calidus,-a,-um there is also the patrimonial doublet, which is it?
7) Online exercise of other learned/inherited words:
http://www.materialesdelengua.org/WEB/hotpotatoes/origen_lexico/doblete_enlazado_match.htm
Observaciones y contexto
Hildegard was born and lived in the Holy Roman Empire (Germany).
She was strongly influenced by her teacher, the anchorite Jutta von Sponheim. Hildegard, in turn, passed on a similar model of mentoring and leadership to her disciples, including the noblewoman Richardis von Stade. She was a contemporary of the nun and abbess Hitda von Meschede, who illustrated a gospel book known as the "Gospels of Abbess Hitda of Meschede" or the "Codex Hitda", a work produced in Cologne and one of the most outstanding works of this city-school; she was also a contemporary of Elizabeth of Schönau, a German Benedictine mystic, and Christina of Markyate, an Anglo-Saxon mystic.
According to Gerda Lerner, "they were followed by the Beguine mystics Marie of Oignies, Hadewijch of Antwerp, Mechthild of Magdeburg and the extraordinary nuns of Helfta, whose mysticism reached its peak in the late 13th century. The 14th century brought the emergence of women's mysticism in Holland, Germany, England, France and Italy. With the spread of witch-hunting and the beginning of the Reformation there was a sharp drop in the number of women saints, followed by a steady decline." Margareta and Christina of Ebner, Bridget of Sweden (14th century) or her daughter St. Catherine of Sweden are just a few of the long list of mystics who excelled throughout the Middle Ages.
Hildegard von Bingen can also be considered a precedent for future great mystics such as St. Catherine of Siena or St. Teresa of Avila.
The 12th century was full of brilliant female creators. Hildegard's contemporaries include the philosopher and abbess Héloïse of Paraclete; Herrad of Landsberg; the great writer of the Lais, Mary of France; the Andalusian poets Hafsa al Rakuniyya or Nazhum ibn Al Qalai, among others; trobairitz such as the Countess of Die or Azalais of Porcairagues, among others; Anna Komnene, Byzantine princess and author of The Alexiad; Trota of Salerno, the great medieval scientist; Elisava, the embroiderer and Romanesque artist; Eleanor of Aquitaine, the great queen; Claricia, illustrator, and Guda of Weissfauen, illuminator of manuscripts and miniaturist, are some of the outstanding figures of this century. We should also highlight the influence Hildegard left among the Benedictine nuns of Gerona, who wove the Tapestry of Creation, one of the jewels of Romanesque art, inspired by her theological ideas.
Por su parte, este siglo fue singularmente brillante en la creación femenina y entre sus contemporáneas se cuentan la filósofa y abadesa Eloísa de Paracleto; Herrada de Landsberg; la gran escritora de los Lais, María de Francia; las poetas andalusíes Hafsa al Rakuniyya o Nazhum ibn Al Qalai , entre otras; las trovadoras como la Condesa de Dia o Azalais de Porcairagues, entre otras más; Anna Comnena, princesa bizantina autora de La Alexiada; Trótula de Salerno, la gran científica medieval; Elisava, la bordadora, artista románica; Leonor de Aquitania, la gran reina; Claricia, ilustradora o Gusa de Weissfauen, iluminadora de manuscritos y miniaturista, que son algunas de las destacadas figuras de este siglo XII. Destacamos también la influencia que deja Hildegarda entre las monjas benedictinas de Gerona, que tejen el Tapiz de la Creación, una de las joyas del arte románico, inspiradas en sus ideas teológicas.
Descripción
Students will read and translate Hildegard's text in Latin. Then, based on the vocabulary of the text, we work on inherited and learned words according to their evolution into Spanish.