Character
Fotografía

Marguerite Thomas Williams

b. Washington D.C. — d. 17-08-1991  

Period of activity: 1930 — 1960

Geographical classification: America > United States

Socio-cultural movements

Groups by dedication

Scientists > Geologists / Geophysicists

Context of feminine creation

Marguerite Thomas is considered to be the first African-American woman to obtain a doctorate in geology. The African-American professor and biologist Ernest Everett, who decided to sponsor and direct the scientific careers of two girls of colour, Roger Arliner (the first African-American doctor in Zoology) and Marguerite Thomas, the first African-American to obtain a doctorate in Geology, played a decisive role in this.  

She was a contemporary of scientists such as Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, or Rachel Carson, author of "Silent Spring."

Geology was a predominantly male field of work, but from the end of the 19th century a group of women dedicated their lives to it, such as Katia Kraft, who developed her career as a volcano researcher, taking her to travel the world in search of dangerous volcanic eruptions. Etheldred Benett, an expert in fossils, who was admitted in 1836 as a member of the Imperial Society of Natural History in Moscow, thinking, given his name, that he was "an Englishman expert in fossils". When it was discovered that it was a woman, it almost created an international problem. We can also mention Dorothea Bate, who traveled alone to remote sites and, when she needed help, hired local men as guides and interpreters. Between 1901 and 1911, she explored the mountainous areas of Crete, Cyprus and the Balearic Islands, finding in the first two, fossils of pygmy elephants and hippopotamuses and in Mallorca, the Myotragus balearicus, or María Gordón, who explained how the mountains of South Tyrol, in the Alps, had been formed. All of them were pioneers and thanks to their work, we have a better knowledge of planet Earth.

 

Review

In 1916 she became a teacher at the Normal School for Coloured Girls.

For a time, she taught while pursuing a Bachelor of Arts at Howard University, which she completed in 1923. 

She then served as an assistant professor at the Normal School for Coloured Girls, where she completed a master's degree in Geology in 1930.

She obtained a permanent position as a teacher at the Miner Teachers College.

She received her doctorate in Geology at the Catholic University of America, and her thesis had a great impact. 

Activities

  • Human erosion [en] [es]
    • Spain > Biology and geology > 1st ESO > Ecology and sustainability
    • Spain > Biology and geology > 3rd ESO > Ecology and sustainability

Justifications

  • She showed that human activities play an important role in erosion processes.
  • First African-American person to receive a Ph.D. in Geology in the US.

Biography

She was born on Christmas Eve, 1895 in Washington D.C., and she was the youngest of a large family. She attended the Normal School for Colored Girls where she was awarded a scholarship to a two-year program that allowed her to become a teacher in 1916. Later, in 1923, she graduated with a degree in Arts from Howard University and combined her studies with a job as a teacher, which marked the beginning of her teaching career. Soon after, she began teaching as an assistant professor at the Normal School for Colored Girls, where she was allowed to study for a master's degree in Geology, which she completed in 1930. Thanks to this, she got a permanent place at the Miner Teachers College, a university institution specialising in the training of black teachers, since at that time there was segregation in educational centres. There, at Miner Teachers College, which would later be absorbed by the University of D.C., she headed the Geology department for a decade. She eventually earned her Ph.D. in Geology from the Catholic University of America in 1942, becoming the first African-American person to do so. Her thesis, entitled “A History of Erosion in the Anacostia Drainage Basin”, had a great impact. In it, Marguerite Thomas analysed how the virulence of the Anacostia River, causing tragic floods, was related to human activity, which for years had transformed its drainage basin through excessive urbanisation, intensive agriculture or deforestation, for example. 

Works


Bibliography

Didactic approach

Biology-geology of 1st and 3st of ESO.

Documents