Activitat

Family

Personatges:

Florence Nightingale (The lady of the lamp [La dama de la lámpara])

Tema: Data organization and analysis. Inference

Competències

Competència Matemàtica, en ciència, tecnologia i enginyeria

Competència personal, social i aprendre a aprendre

Competència en consciència i expressions culturals

Matèries i cursos per Sistema Educatiu

Espanya > Matemàtiques > 2n ESO > Sentit estocàstic

Espanya > Matemàtiques > 2n ESO > Sentit socioafectiu

Enunciat

<img title="Women's Legacy logo" src="//inclusion.womenslegacyproject.eu/images/LogoWL.svg" /><hr />Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) is mostly known because of her work as a nurse during the Crimean War and her contribution to the reform in sanitary conditions at military hospitals. She is considered the mother of modern nursing and the creator of the first conceptual model of nursing. From a very young age she stood out in mathematics, and later on she applied her knowledge on statistics to epidemiology and to health statistics. She was the first woman to be admitted at the British Royal Statistical Society, and she was an honorary member of the American Statistical Association.
We propose the following statistics problem:
The following table shows the number of siblings that the students of a group have.
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 13.9941%; border-style: solid;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.5366%; text-align: center;">Number of siblings</td>
<td style="width: 50.512%; text-align: center;">Absolute frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.5366%; text-align: center;">0</td>
<td style="width: 50.512%; text-align: center;">7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.5366%; text-align: center;">1</td>
<td style="width: 50.512%; text-align: center;">14</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.5366%; text-align: center;">2</td>
<td style="width: 50.512%; text-align: center;">10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.5366%; text-align: center;">3</td>
<td style="width: 50.512%; text-align: center;">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.5366%; text-align: center;">4</td>
<td style="width: 50.512%; text-align: center;">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 49.5366%; text-align: center;">5</td>
<td style="width: 50.512%; text-align: center;">1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
&nbsp;Please answer the following questions:
a) &nbsp; &nbsp;How many students are there in the group?
b) &nbsp; &nbsp;Complete the table with the relative frequencies, the percentages and the degrees that correspond to each datum in a pie chart.
c)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Draw the corresponding bar and pie charts.
d) &nbsp; &nbsp;Calculate the arithmetic mean and the mode.

Observacions i context

- Florence Nightingale is known for being a pioneer in modern medicine and for being a mathematician. She stood out in statistics, creating pie charts and applying descriptive statistics. She also worked as a writer, politician and teacher.

- She was contemporary with other important female mathematicians: Ada Lovelace (1815-1852), pioneer in computer language; Mary Everest Boole (1832-1916), who studied mostly geometry; Sofya Kovalevskaya (1850-1891), devoted to mathematical analysis and differential equations; Charlotte Angas Scott (1858-1931), who worked on algebra and geometry and fought for the inclusion of women in universities; Mary Somerville (1780-1872), considered to be "the queen of 19th century science"; and Maria Mitchell (1818-1889), first woman to be a professional astronomer in the United States.

- She was an inspiration to other women that later on worked on statistics and probability, like Hilda Geiringer (1893-1973) and Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906-1972).

- Nightingale's work is also an important link in the study of English feminism. In some of her essays, like Cassandra, she complains about how women were considered incompetent, and she demands a better education for them and the possibility to apply this education.

Descripció

In this activity we will work on the basis of descriptive statistics (frequency tables and bar charts) as well as on the pie diagram through an example of discrete variables. Besides, we will calculate position parameters: arithmetic mean and mode.

Family

Enunciat

Observacions i context

Descripció

Resposta

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